



^ 



?^ 






DEC 29 1915 



TIME-SCALE CHART. 



TWO HUNDRED LARGEST CITIES. 



To complete this chart for your home city, or for the city, town, or 
village in which you are most interested, if the name does not appear 
in any of the following lists, write it on the blank space at the end 
and enter correct population and time figures in the proper columns. 
Then mark with pen or pencil on the large central dial in the diagram, 
and also on the proper one in the chain of dials above the time piece 
hands or pointers, setting them to show time noted in the table below. 

The abbi'eviation m. m this chart stands for either thousands popu- 
lation, or minutes of time, and which is intended^ will, in every 
instance, be evident fron^ the context. Sometimes it has a double 
significance and may be read both as thousands and miimtes; thus, 
take the record of Cleveland, O. : "1900, 382 m., 6 h. 22 m.— 6.22; 
1910, 561 m., 9 h. 21 m.— 9.21." This should be read, Cleveland, O., 
1900—382 thousands, 382 minutes, 6h. 22 m.; time, 6.22. In 1910, 
561 thousands, 561 minutes, 9 h. 21 m. ; time, 9.21. 

Except for the three higher grade cities, New York, Chicago and 
Philadelphia, we do not need to distinguish the days as first, second, 
third, etc., or the hours as A. M. or P. M., it being understood that 
all other cities hold rank ia the first division of Grade A, that is, 
morning— A. M. of the first day. In all time notations, then, where 
no other day is specified, the references are to the first day and where 
the hour is not distinguished as A. M. or P. M., it should be under- 
stood as morning time. 

Time scale divisions and terms are employed in the making of this 
chart for no other purpose than to extend its scope, to increase by 
more than a hmidred-fold the reach of our measure and the number- 
ing capacity of our scale. Marking by minute and hour unit spaces, 
instead of the luiear inch, fractions or multiples thereof, we do what 
can be done in no other way — show on a small diagram not wider 
than this page, the precise point at which any city or town, large or 
small, should be marked, as on a map, to indicate its proportionate 
size, and its rank among the cities of the world. The graduated time 
scale as marked on any clock or watch face, is our measuring line, and 
the minute spaces serve as measuring units, to each of which we allow 
for a population of 1 m. Just to illustrate and to facilitate comparison 



of possibilities of display in the single line extension diagram — the 
common form for chart representation — and the vastly greater poten- 
tiality in tlie time scheme of measiuing with a continuously curved 
and encircling scale-Une, we show a small section of a hnear scale 
marked on the heavy black line stretched across the page underneath 
the chain of time-piece dials. On this Hne divisions are shown ; first, 
the unit space, tV mch ; then space equal to a block of ten units, % 
inch. The entire length of line across the page — about six inches — 
covers over nine of such ten unit spaces, or some 96 units in all, and 
and if we allow 1 m. population to the unit, the entire line will stand 
to represent 96 m. That number marked on our time scale would 
indicate a little more than one and a half times around on the dial — 
1 h. 36 m., time to show on first dial as 1.36. This, then, ia the full 
marking capacity of the section straight line diagram given here, less 
than 100 units space, less than 100 m. population. _ To cover for larger 
cities we must extend the line according to population ; thus, for Wash- 
ington, D. C, we should need more than 20 mches; for Boston and 
St. Louis, a little under and a little over 42 inches respectively, or 
about 3J4 feet. These cities are yet well within the limits of Grade A 
and still mark time on the first dial which covers only the first half- 
day period. To reach out to and cover the three cities that have 
passed beyond or outgrown the first day — Grade A — we need more 
than eight feet of line for Philadelphia, eleven feet for Chicago, and 
twenty-four feet for New York. Our time scale measuring line extend- 
ing over the 12 dials, has marking capacity of more than 8^ millions ; 
to be exact, 8640 m. To show this measure on our lineal scale would 
require extension of that line to just 45 feet. The two forms of chart 
display thus brought into comparison, the ordinary linear measure 
with our time scale scheme — one marking to less than 100 m. only, the 
other to 8640 m. — work practically on the same scale, from the same 
measuring vmit, for the 16th inch unit of linear measure may be taken 
as identical with the minute space time unit. On either scale, allow- 
ing for 1 m. to a unit space, visible marking is possible to show differ- 
ences down to a single m. population and to 1 m. of time. 

Such comparative showing affords most convmcing proof, if that 



be needed, of the impossibility of satisfactorily displaying on a single 
chart of linear measurements the size, growth and rank of aZZ cities. 
If we wish to make place on this six inch diagram for New York City, 
■we should have to change our scale and allow for at least 50 m. to a 
tmit space instead of one thousand. 

The printed table following names some 200 of the largest cities in 
the United States strictly in order of size and groups them to show 
their respective grades, divisions or classes. The time scheme in this 
chart works automatically, so to speak, to form the grades and divi- 
sions as marked on the diagram, the same corresponding to the time 
periods, day and half day. As most of our cities are in Grade A, first 
day, and still mark time on the first dial, a further classification and 
grouping of these seem desirable if not necessary. Such classification 
must be more or less arbitrary, though divisions are made at numbers 
in the census scale that are generally regarded as land-marks ; thus, 
the million point attained may mark a city as in the million class. 



Then, in like manner, we get the half and the quarter million, the 
hundred, the sixty and the thirty m. classes. 

The population of each city is given in even m.'s or thousands, the 
same number and designation standing also for the number of minutes 
covered by the proportionate time marking. Then follows in another 
column the time notation, the sole object of which is to point out the 
precise point on the diagram at which the city should be marked — as 
on a map — to show its measure of growth and its rank. These figures, 
the record of population and time, are given for 1900 and 1910, with 
blank spaces provided for 1920. 

Note tliat we make use of National census figures only, disre- 
garding some olEcial state census returns and all of the many so- 
called estimates put forth from time to time. 

Our classification and rating of cities, as shown here, are on the 
score of population only and not intended as a measure of any city's 
standing in any other respect. 



PRINCIPAL CITIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 

All places of 30 m. or over witli a few of the largest under 30 m. arranged strictly in order of popula- 
tion in 1910, and grouped to show grades and classes. 

Grade D, Fourth Day ; Dials 7 and 8. 

Covering from 4320 m. to 5760 m. 72 hrs. to 96 hrs. 

City in Grade D. 1. 





1900 


1910 


1920 




m. 


Time equiv. 


Time 


m. 


Time equiv. 


Time 


m. 


Time equiv. 


Time 


New York, N.Y. 


3437 


2 d. 9 h. 17 m. 


9.17 a.m. 3 


4767 


3 d. 7 h. 27 m. 


7,27 A.M. 4 









New York is the only city thus far to hold rank in this grade and 
no other city is likely to grow into it before 1940, by which time 
Chicago, if she continues at her previous rate of growth (28.7^) will 
have the necessary 4320 m. New York should advance to Grade E, 



5th day, by 1920, and will do so if she can maintain her previous de- 
cade's rate (38.7^) ; but the State census of 1915 shows a falling away 
from that percentage, thereby making the matter of the city' s advance- 
ment to Grade E very uncertain. Watch for the next census returns. 



AM 

' Grade- Aa 




;./' 



belong allcrities ofnob 
yrxtzrre. than, lf^-4O,00O if\ 
popLO-lationi hVvpJSG. not 
escceedin.^ 7.2.0.000 . 
czorrie irutHe- first divis- 
iorL a.y-uima.rK tHe.i>" 
Lime. on. tKe-J^Irsbdialr 

A.M.~ TrTOT-nirig .- before 
i-Loon on. tHe_prst day. 

Of -nea-r ly _800 c=i bies 
i)T. 19IO. t*Kr-ee,or\ly KacL^ 
ed. tHe limits oP 

ra.d.e.yK, w K. .s t a-rrds 

populabion, anci l^^-4-O 
rninu.tes or— rnmutte spa- 
» oi-T. iKe. time scale. 



_W this Craclg,-B, 
tWo cities Holc^ ra.TTj< 
imder tHe.censtJLS o/ 
I9IO, viz. 

popuJatlan. L5-^g,aaD . 
time rneasixre, \s^9 
mimJ-tes ,— I daw . I hotir 

fjrrunute^, or _L^9^^AM, 
^e,czo n.d cJ axj . 

OH ic.a. o-o.2 . i8S,Qoo 
popuJa b lorv sKou.lcL 
sVxc3^A/ time "measure- 
mentj ld.3.\ j. lgHo^J"f . 
25:-nniriU-tes Q-r- IZ25 . 
p. M - se-d-cartd. d^-y. 

PKilad'a.'s-D.3.VJV^3. 



In I9l0 MO CITV IN TmC U S 
POPUuATrOM FROrvl S&OO /T^TO 
'T-SaO /TT THEREIF'ORE NOClTV TO 

RAINK iiMTWrS GRADE C_3d_DAV. 



7 Hx. ou.T^ . J^T'imin.u.b&s. 
or 72 Z A1V< . -ynornpri^J 
oJ-J-ou.rtK c^aU. 



i^K ©F UR^A?^'^k©WTE 



KAT ISCORkECT 9 flME F or tKis city-ar far any pthEr cit-y ?-By thjs is rriEaRt propnytionate 
hirne □nlu.ri.ot acLioal dLLratlon.Di" lapse of cfays.Kours. or iri.inu.tea 5 irqphjr. tV\en^\vHat. is corretzt TllVlE • » 
REAPING : -Lo'vvhat paints rnust Lime-piece. VTpnds be. acK/anced La rrisv-k Lirne inrnmuLEs equal to theTpjtn- 
ber ot iKausands papUlaLlnn.- J )NfO°l*E .-t.hat tHe chart ^A^arks ta grau.p tJie cities under" tK& Various 
GRAPES. A. B.C. Etc tacH grade ca\/eys L^A/D divisions, -first and. SECDnd:-tKe carrEsponsivE Lime designa- 
Lians, Kalf-d3'ysn.c(dayperiDds.ccjs/Ering.respEc:ti\^y, TSOand j4;40 minuses. "TJ-fe CR/vDUyft,TCDTl)viE-S(y\LE 
of clock or "watch face is Qur TriE.asuriRg liRE"WitK tKeraiaute. space as rt^arked tKeraon. far prirriary U.Ti.it of 
n^easure. ^UI-DWIJ»/G arhllranlu, fOOO papij.lation to each rrviniAta space.VvE Ha"ve 60,000 to an hpur, 720,000 to eacH 
lalfdau.-ccjyered iny one diaf.- and l'V^-0,O0O to a da y - tvyp dials. -r epresenting ll\e lirr\e-eouivalent for orie grade 
^\LtI °r rn>.j liTxiix- fefr fm pop'n litTie reading, O.0la.>n I'clv f?"fr ^ J>lOTE : -To find -nrrEct timereading regard population 

iri even iHousancIs. CDuntirig fiv£ ariT\c3TH add lOOi as lOOo; TVius 






lh:r 60 

id^ J2 720 - 
I " 24 ■• W40 - 



60 

720 

1440 



1.00 ■■ - 

IS.00noon. • 



iri even iHousancIs. counting fiv£ ariT\c3TH atid ioO 'j as lOOo; Th*.; 
)^EWy(/^Zfi Ct .pop. 134 tViousnds; time. i34rTi,n.=iH:i*"i- 2 l'^ 
Boston,^ ASS • 67i • , ■ £71 - - nf^. iitti"1i il 



r - 



Grade B, Second Day ; Dials 3 and 4. 

24 to 48 hours. 



Covering from 1440 m. to 2880 m. 



Cities in Grade B, 2. 





1900 


1910 


1920 




m. 


Time equiv. 


Time 


m. 


Time equiv. 


Time 


m. 


Time equiv. 


Time 


Chicago, 111. 
Philadelphia, Pa. 


1699 
1294 


Id. 4h. 19 m. 
21 h. 34 m. 


4.19 A.M. 2 
9.34 P.M. 


2185 Id. 12 h. 25 m. 
1549 1 d. 1 h. 49 m. 


12.25 P.M. 2 
1.49 a.m. 2 









Of the two cities in this grade, Philadelphia in first division mark- 
ing on Dial 3, Chicago, second division. Dial 4, the latter will need to 
raii^e the previous decade's percentage (28.7,'?) just a few points to 
insure her ranking in Grade C at next census. Watch for the returns 
in 1920. ' 

Philadelphia must continue to hold place in first division, B. She 
can not advance to second division without a little more than doubling 
her previous rate of 19.8^. 



These three are the only cities that have up to this time outgrown 
Grade A, or the first day time period. No other cities are likely to 
grow to take rank in Grade B for two or three decades. 

St. Louis and Boston are the next two in line, but at their latest 
previous rate they can not qualify for Grade B before 1960. Cleveland, 
not quite so near but growing more rapidly, will, if she keeps up her 
pace (46.8^), come to rank in B in 1940. See the ranking of these 
cities after the next census. 



Grade A, First Day; Dials 1 and 2. 
Covering all not over 1440 m.— 24 hours time. 
As before explained, the cities in this grade may be separately classified and grouped, arbitrarily, according to population, into six classes, 
as follows: 

MILLION, HALF MILLION, QUARTER MILLION, 100 M., 60 M., 30 M. CLASSES. 

MILLIOK CLASS. 
Cities of or over a million, 1000 m., 16 h. 40 m.=4.40 i>. m. time. 
There are no cities in this class at the present time except, of course, the three that have passed through and beyond it. Cleveland, at her 
present or recent rate of growth, will take rank in the million class in 19.30. 

HALF MILLION CLASS. 
All of or over 500 m., 8 h. 20 m. =8.20 time, and under 1000m.=4.40 p.m. time. 

Cities in this class. 





1900 




1910 




1920 




m. 


Time equiv. 


Time 


m. 


Time equiv. 


Time 


m. 


Time equiv. 


Time 


Rt, T.onis Mo 


575 
561 
382 
509 
452 


9h. 35 m. 
9 h. 21 m. 

6 h. 22 m. 
8 li. 29 m. 

7 h. 32 m. 


9.35 
9.21 
6.22 
8.29 
7.32 


686 
671 
561 
558 
534 


11 h. 26 m. 
nil. 11m. 

9 h. 21 m. 

9h. 18 m. 

8 h. 54 m. 


11.26 
11.11 

9.21 
9.18 
8.54 












Clpvpland O ... 








Pittsbiireh. Pa 









Four or five of the cities now in the quarter million class are practically sure to reach this class by 1920 if they continue at previous rates of 
increase. Two others will come very near to it. 



QUARTER MILLION CLASS. 

260 m., 4.10 time to 500 m., 8.20 time. 
Cities in this class, 11. 



Detroit, Mich 

Bulfalo, N. Y 

San Francisco, Cal 
Milwauliee, Wis. . . 

Cincinnati, O 

Newark, N. J 

New Orleans, La. . 
Washington, D. C. 
Los Angeles, Cal . . 
Minneapolis, Minn 
Jersey City, N. J. . 



286 
3.52 
344 

285 
326 
246 
287 
279 
102 
203 
206 



1900 



Time equiv. 



4 h. 46 m. 

5 h. 52 m. 
5h. 44 ni. 

4 h. 45 m. 

5 h. 26 m. 
4h. 06 m. 
4h. 47 m. 
4 h. 39 m. 
1 h. 42 m. 
3 h. 23 m. 
3 h. 26 m. 



Time 



4.46 
5.52 
5.44 
4.45 
5.26 
4.06 
4.47 
4.39 
1.42 
3.23 
3.26 



466 
424 
417 
374 
364 
347 
339 
331 
319 
301 
268 



1910 



Time equiv. 



7h. 46 m. 
7h. 04 m. 
6 h. 57 m. 
6h. 14 m. 

04 m. 

47 m. 

39 m. 

31m. 

19m. 

01 m. 



6h. 
5h, 
5h. 
5h. 

5h 
5h. 



4 h. 28 m. 



Time 



7.46 
7.04 
6.57 
6.14 
6.04 
5.47 
5.39 
5.31 
5.19 
5.01 
4.28 



1920 



Time equiv. 



Time 



At least four of the quarter million cities are sure to take rank in 
the half million class in 1920. Two would, in fact, be nmnbered in 
that class now if the enumeration were made to show it. Los Angeles 
will undoubtedly qualify for admission to the higher cla^s, passing 
several cities now ahead of her in line, and to do this she will not need 



to maintain her previous exceptionally high rate of increase (211.5^), 
as an increase of less than 60^ over the figures of 1910 will carry over 
the half million mark. Milwaukee and Newark will come near to 
that line but neither will reach it without raising the previous rate a 
few points. 



ONE HUNDRED M. CLASS. 

100 m., 1.40 time to 250 m., 4.10 time. 
Cities in this class, 31. 



Kansas City, Mo. . 

Seattle, Wash 

Indianapolis, In J . 
Providence, R. I . . 

Louisville, Ky 

Rochester, N. Y . . . 

St. Paul, Minn 

Denver, Col 

Portland, Ore. . . . 

Columbus, O 

Toledo, O 

Atlanta, Ga 

Oakland, Cal 

Worcester, Mass . . 
Syracuse, N. Y. . . . 
New Haven, Conn. 



1900 


1910 


1920 


m. 


Time 


m. 


Time 


m. 


Time 


164 


2.44 


248 


4.08 






81 


1.21 


237 


3.57 






169 


2.49 


234 


3.54 






176 


2.56 


224 


3.44 






205 


3.25 


224- 


3.44- 






163 


2.43 


218 


3.38 






163 


2.43 


215 


3.35 






134 


2.14 


213 


3.33 






90 


1.30 


207 


3.27 






126 


2.06 


182 


3.02 






132 


2.12 


168 


2.48 






90 


1.30 


155 


2.35 






67 


1.07 


150 


2.30 






118 


1.58 


146 


2.26 






108 


1.48 


137 


2.17 






108 


1.48 


134 


2.14 







Birmingham, Ala. . . 

Memphis, Tenn 

Scranton, Pa 

Richmond, Va 

Paterson, N. J 

Omaha, Neb 

Fall River, Mass 

Dayton, O 

Grand Rapids, Mich 

Nashville, Tenn 

Lowell, Mass 

Cambridge, Ma.ss... 

Spokane, Wash 

Bridgeport, Conn . . . 
Albany, N. Y 



1900 



m. Time 



38 

102 

102 

85 

105 

103 

105 

85 

88 

81 

95 

92 

37 

71 

94 



.38 
1.42 
1,42 
1.25 
1.45 
1.43 
1.45 
1.25 
1.28 



1.21 
1..35 
1.32 
.37 
1.11 
1.34 



1910 



m. Time 



133 
131 
130 
128 
126 
124 
119 
117 
113 
110 
106 
105 
104 
102 
100 



2.13 
2.11 
2.10 
2.08 
2.06 
2.04 
1.59 
1..57 
1.53 
1..50 
1 . 46 
1.45 
1.44 
1.42 
1.40 



1920 



m. Time 



Formerly, 100 m. was regarded as high water mark in urban popu- 
lation. New York, that has long stood in a class by itself, ahead 
of all other cities of the country, was first to come into this class 
under the fourth decennial census in 1820 with 124 m. Not until 
1840, sixth census, did any other cities attain to rank in the 100 m. 
class. In that year, two, Baltimore and New Orleans, came 
each with 102 m., just the population of Bridgeport, Conn., in 
1910. Philadelphia perhaps might be regarded as a 100 m. city at 
that time tliough it was credited with only 94 m., but the county 
of Philadelphia, which the city was afterwards extended to include, 
had then 258 m. In 18()0 and during the decade covering the Civil 
War, there were only nine cities ranked in or beyond the 100 m. class, 
in the following order: N'ew York, 814 m. and Philadelphia, 566 m., 
both in the half million cla.ss; Brooklyn, with 267 m., in the quarter 
million class; Baltimore, with 212 m. ; Boston, 178 m. ; New Orleans, 
169 m. ; Cincinnati and St. Louis, each 161 m., and Chicago, 112 m. 



Since 1860 the number of cities in or abovethe 100 m. class has steadily 
increased. In 1910, thirteenth census, 14 were added, making 50 in 
all during this decade and, assuming that they will continue their 
respective rates of increase, no less than 26 are practically certain to 
take rank in this class in 1920. Of the nine cities named above, 
Brooklyn has since become part of New York, so the list represents 
only eight of the cities of to-day. 

Two cities, Providence and Louisville, show here as equals in 
respect to population and time, 224 m., 3.44 time. Providence takes 
rank before Louisville, however, when numbers below fourth place are 
considered; thus, the population of Providence, 224,326, is 398 more 
than Louisville's 223,928. The minus sign after the latter's records 
shows that the actual population of the city is a little under the indi- 
cated number of thousands instead of equal to or something less than 
500 in excess of it. 



60 M. CLASS. 

60 m., 1.00 time to 100 m., 1.40 time. 
Cities in this class, 39. 



Hartford, Conn 

Trenton, N.J 

New Bedford, Mass. 
San Antonio, Texas. 

Reading, Pa 

Camden, N. J 

Salt Lake City, Utah 

Dallas, Texas 

Lynn, Mass 

Springfield, Mass 

Wilmington, Del 

Des Moines. la 

Lawrence. ISIass 

Tacoma. Wash 

Kansas City, Kaa. . . 

Yonkers, N. Y 

Youngstown, O. 

Houston, Texas 

Duluth, Minn 

St. Joseph, Mo 



1900 


1910 


1920 


m. 


Time 


m. 


Time 


m. 


Time 


80 


1.20 


99- 


1.39- 






73 


1.13 


97- 


1.37- 






62 


1.02 


97- 


1.87- 






B3 


0.63 


97- 


1.37- 






79 


1.19 


96 


1.36 






76 


1 16 


95- 


1.35- 






bi 


0.54 


93- 


1.33- 






43 


0.43 


92 


1.32 






69 


1.09 


89 


1.29 






62 


1.02 


89- 


1.29- 






77 


1.17 


87 


1.27 






62 


1.02 


86 


1.26 






63 


1.03 


86- 


1.26- 






38 


0.38 


84- 


1.24- 






Bl 


0.51 


82 


1.22 






48 


0.48 


80- 


1.20- 






45 


0.45 


79 


1.19 






45 

B3 

103 


0.45 
0.53 
1.43 


79- 

78 

77 


1.19- 

1.18 

1.17 







Somerville, Mass. . . , 

Troy, N. Y 

Utica, N. Y 

Elizabeth, N.J 

Fort Worth, Texa.s. 
Waterbury, Conn.. 
Schenectady, N. Y . 

Hoboken. N. J 

Manchester, N. H. . 

Evansville, Ind 

Akron. O 

Norfolk, Va 

Wilkesbarre, Pa ... 

Peoria, 111 

Erie, Pa 

.Savannah, Ga 

Oklahoma City, Ok 

Harrlsburg, Pa 

Fort Wayne, Ind... 



1900 



62 
61 
56 
52 
27 
46 
32 
69 
67 
59 
43 
46 
62 
56 
53 
64 
32 
50 
45 



Time 



1.02 
1.01 
0.56 
0.62 
0.27 
0.46 
0.32 
0.B9 
0.57 
0.69 
0.43 
0.46 
0.52 
0.56 
0.53 
0.54 
0.32 
0.50 
0.45 



1910 



1920 



77 

77- 

74 

73 

73 

73 

73- 

70 

70 

70- 

69 

67 

67 

67- 

67- 

65 

64 

64 

64- 



Time 



1.17 

1.17- 

1.14 

1.13 

1.13 

1.13 

1.13- 

1.10 

1.10 

1.10- 

1.09 

1.07 

1.07 

1.07- 

1.07- 

1.05 

1.04 

1.04 

1.04- 



Time 



Note several instances here where two or more cities seem to be on an equality 
as to number and time reading ; as Trenton, New Bedford and San Antonio, each 
showing 97 m., 1.37 time. In all such cases the cities take place in line according 
to their odd numbers, in excess of even thousands ; thus the exact figures for the 
three cities named are : Trenton, 96,815 ; A^ew Bedford, 96,652, and San Antonio, 
96,614, the last two named showing as equals down to hundreds, difierlng only in 
tens and units. One city in this class shows a loss, dropping from 103 m. to 77 m., 



1.43 time, to 1.17. Note the loss of 26 m. in population and 26 m. in time for St. 
Joseph, Mo. The minus sign after a city's record (1910) shows the city was then 
just a little under the number of even m.'s credited to it. As before stated, some 
25, perhaps more, of these 39 cities will take place in the 100 m. class at next 
rating. A number of them have indeed really belonged to that class for some 
years. 



10 



30 M. CLASS. 

30 m., 0.30 time to 59 m., 0.59 time. 
Cities in this class, 98. 



Charleston. S. C 

Portland, Me 

E. St. Louis, 111 

Terre Haute, Ind... 

Holyoke, Mass 

Jacksonville, Fla. . . 

Brockton, Mass 

Bayonne, N. J 

Johnstown, Pa 

Passaic. N.J 

S. Bend. Ind 

Covington. Ky 

Wichita, Kan 

Altoona, Pa 

AUentown, Pa 

Springfield, 111 

Pawtucket, R. I 

Mobile. Ala 

Saginaw, Mich 

Canton, O 

Binghamton, N. Y .. 

Sioux City, la 

Lancaster, Pa 

Springfield, O 

Atlantic I'lty, N. J.. 

Little Rock, Ark 

Eockford, 111 

Bay City, Mich 

York, Pa 

Sacramento, Cal 

Chattanooga, Teuu. 

Maiden, Mass 

Pueblo, Col 



1900 


1910 


1920 


m. 


m. 


m. 


0.66 


0.69- 




0.50 


0.59- 




0.30 


0.59- 




0.37 


0.58 




0.46 


0.58- 




0.28 


0.58- 




0.40 


0.57- 




0.33 


0.56- 




0.36 


0.55 




0.28 


0.55- 




0.38 


0.54- 




0.43 


0.63 




0.25 


0.52 




0.39 


0.52 




0.35 


0.52- 




0.34 


0.52- 




0.38 


0.52- 




0.38 


0.62- 




0.42 


0.51- 




0.31 


0.50 




0.40 


0.48 




0.33 


0.48- 




0.41 


0.47 




0.38 


0.47- 




0.28 


0.46 




0.38 


0.46- 




0.31 


0.45 




0.28 


0.46 




0,34 


0,45- 




0.29 


0.15- 




0.30 


0.45- 




0.34 


0.44 




0.28 


0.44 





Haverhill, Mass.... 

Lincoln, Neb 

New Britain, Conu 

Salem, Mass 

Topeka, Kan 

Davenport, la 

McKeesport. Pa — 
Wheeling, W. Va.., 

Augusta, Ga , 

Macon. Ga 

Berkeley, Cal 

Superior, Wis , 

Newton, Mass , 

San Diego. Cal 

Kalamazoo. &Iich.. 
El I'aso, Texas...., 

Butte, Mont , 

Flint, Mich 

Chester, Pa 

Dubuque. la 

Montgomery, Ala.. 
Woonsocket, R. 1.. 

Racine, Wis 

Fltchburg, Mass . . . 

Tampa, Fla 

Qulncy, 111 

Klmlra, N. Y 

Galveston, Texas .. 
Knoxvllle, Tenn. . . 

New Castle, Pfl 

W. Hoboken.N. J.. 

Hamilton. O 

Springfield, Mo 



1900 


1910 


1920 


m. 


m. 


m. 


0.37 


0.44 




0.40 


0.44- 




0.26 


0.44- 




0.36 


0.44- 




0.34 


0.44- 




0.35 


0.43 




0.34 


0.43- 




0.39 


0.42- 




0.39 


0.41 




0.23 


0.41- 




0.13 


0.40 




0.31 


0.40 




34 


0.40- 




0.18 


0.40- 




0.24 


0.39 




0.16 


0.39 




0.30 


0.S9 




0.13 


0.39- 




0.34 


0.39- 




0..36 


0.38 




0.30 


0.38 




0.28 


0.38 




0.29 


0.38 




0.32 


0,38- 




0.16 


0.38- 




0.36 


0.37 




0.35 


0.37 




0.38 


0.37- 




0.33 


0.36 




0.28 


0.36 




0.23 


0.35 




0.24 


0.35 




0.23 


0.35 


1 



Lexington, Ky 
Roanoke, Va.. 

Joliet. Ill 

Aubu^rn, N. Y 

East Orange, N, j 
Taunton, Mass.. 
Charlotte, N.C.. 
Everett, Mass. .. 
Portsmouth, Va. 
Oshkosh, Wis ... 
Cedar Rapids, la, 
Quincy, Mass.. .. 
Chelsea, Mass. .. 
Perth Amboy, N. 
PittsBeld, Mass 
Joplin, Mo.. .. 
Williamsport, Pa. 
Jackson, Mich . . 
Jamestown, N. Y 
Amsterdam. N. \' 
Lansing. Mich. 
Huntington, W. 
Decatur, III, . . . 
Mt. Vernon, N. Y' 

Lima, O 

Niagara Falls. N 
La Crosse, Wis. . 

Newport, Ky 

Pasadena, Cal... 
Austin, Texas... 

Aurora. Ill 

Orange, N. J 



1900 



m. 



0.26 
0.21 
0.29 
0.30 
0.22 
0.31 
0.18 
0.24 
0.17 
0.28 
0.26 
0.24 
0.34 
0.18 
0.22 
0.26 
0.29 
0.25 
0.23 
0.21 
0.16 
0.12 
0.21 
0.21 
0.22 
0.19 
0.29 
0.28 
0.09 
22 
0.24 
0.24 



1910 



m. 



0.35 

0.35- 

0.35- 

0.35- 

0.34 

0.34 

0.34 

0.33 

0.33 

0.33 

0.33- 

0.33- 

0.32 

0..32 

0.32 

0.32 

0..32- 

0.31 

0.31 

0.31 

0.31 

0.31 

0.31 

0.31 

0.31- 

0.30 

0.30 

0.30 

0.30 

0.30- 

0.30- 

0,30- 



1920 



11 



As we come down the scale we fiinl among the smaller cities an ever-increas 
ing number each holding raulc with one or more others on the score of thousands 
population and minutes time ; thus, marking in 1910 at 59 m., we have three ; at 
45 m., five ; at 38 m.. six ; at 32 m. and 31 m., each seven. These are given rank 
and place in the list according to numbers below thousands, hundreds, tens, 
and sometimes even units are considered. 

Here are Lincoln, Neb., and New Britain, Conn., cities of 44 m. each, number- 
ing 43,973 and 43,916 respectively, the former exceeding the latter by 57. While 
Lincoln thus outranks New Britain for the time, she cannot be expected to hold 
the ranking place long for her rate per cent, of increase In the decade up to 1910 
was only 9.5, while New Britain came bounding to her place at the rate of 68.9 
per cent. 

Springfield, 111., and Pawtucket, E. I., are 52 m. cities in our table, and are on 
a parity also in the number of hundreds, showing diflerence only in tens and 
units. SpringUeld s population, 51,678, is 56 more than Pawtucket's 51,622, and 
gives her ranking place. Springfield's percentage of increase, 61.3, is also greater 
than Pawtucket's 31.5. 

Austin, Texas and Aurora. 111., close neighbors in alphabetic arrangement, 
appear here in alphabetic order reversed. Both are 30 m. cities; Austin, 29,860, 
and Aurora 29,807. adifi'erence of 53 in favor of Austin .whose percentage of growth 
Is to that of Aurora as 31.1 to 23.6. 

Jamestown and Amsterdam are two cities of New York each 31 m. and on a 
parity, too, in hundreds. Jamestown has 31,297 and Amsterdam 31,267— just 30 less. 
Amsterdam excels in rate of growth, 49.4 against Jamestown's 36.7. 

Niagara Falls, N. Y., and La Crosse, Wis., two cities ranking 30 m., number 
respectively 30,446 and 30,417— dlfl'erence of 28 in favor of the first named, which 



place also has the advantage of greater per cent. Increase, 66.5 against B.3 for 
La Crosse. 

So we find two 31 m. cities, Huntington, W.'Va., 31,151, and Decatur, 111., 31,140, 
■with a dilTerence of only 21. While the first named holds rank to that extent she 
also excels in growth percentage, 161.4 against even 50 percent, for Decatur. 

Salem. Mass. , and Topeka. Kans., are somewhat closer contestants, both cities 
of 44 m. (436 hundreds), numbering respectively 43,697 and 43,684. Salem with 97 
odd units, only 13 ahead of Topeka's 84. Topeka leads a few points in rate of 
growth, however— 30 per cent, as against 21.5 for Salem. 

Flint, Mich., and Chester, Pa., each 89 m., are two other cities with a differ- 
ence of only 13 in actual numbers, the first nam.ed, 38,550, the other, 38,537 — but 
Flint, in the matter of growth per cent., outranks Chester in a greater degree, 
191.2 per cent, to 13.4. 

Closer contestants than those mentioned we find in Joliet, 111., and Auburn. 
N Y., 35 m. cities, numbering respectively 34,670 and 31.668, a difference of only 2 
In favor of Joliet, whose ranking by this slender margin is not strengthened very 
much by a slight excess in rate over Auburn's rate. Joliet's increase was at 18.1 
per cent.; Auburn's, 14.2. 

But it remains for PIttsfield, Mass., and Perth Amboy, N. J., to strike the 
nearest line of equality— carrying it down to the last analysis in units. These 
two cities show the same in actual numbers — 32,121. We must give ranking 
place to Perth Amboy simply because of her more rapid growth— 81.5, compared 
with 47.6 for Pittsfield. 

Singularly enough, these two cities also come together in the alphabetical 
arrangement, and in our placing according to numbers and percentages, we do 
not need to change the order at all. 



SIXTEEN LARGEST UNDER 30 M. 



Council Bluffs, la 

Colorado Springs, Col 

San Jose, Cal 

New Rochelle, K. V .. 

Easton, Pa 

Shreveport, La 



1900 


1910 


1920 


m. 


m. 


m. 


0.26 


0.29 




0,21 


0.29 




0.22 


0.29- 




0.15 


0.29- 




0.25 


0.29- 




0.16 


0.28 





Poughkeepsie, N. Y 

Norristown, Pa 

Danville, III 

Waltnam. Mass 

Newburgh, N. Y... 



1900 


1910 


1920 




m. 


m. 


m. 




0.24 


0.28- 






0.22 


0.28- 






0.16 


0.28- 






0.23 


0.28- 






0.25 


0.28- 







Brookline, Mass. 
Meriden, Conn.. 
Newport, R. I... 
Watertown. N. Y 
Waterloo, la 



m. 



0.20 
0.24 
0.22 
0.22 
0.13 



1910 



m. 



0.28- 

0.27 

0.27 

0.27- 

0.27- 



1920 



This special group of sixteen cities is added here for coraplemental purposes 
only. It serves to make our several lists complete to show as one grand total 
covering 200 of the largest cities of this country exclusive of the three higher 
grade cities. New York, Chicago and Philadelphia, which have been shown as 
distinctly classed by themselves, no others as yet having passed beyond the limits 
of Grade A, but all still marking time within the first division of that grade on 



the first dial which covers only one half day period on our time scale. Thus we 
haye in the foregoing lists a total showing of 203 cities in order of size, as follows- 
In higher grades. 3 in Grade A (five classes); The half million class, 6; 
quarter million, 11 ; 100 m.,31; 60 m., go ; 30 m., 9S ; together with all cities which 
in 1910 numbered 27 or 28 or 29 m., 16 ; making the total number over 26 m.,205. 



I'J 



The following nine cities are In states not represented in the classified lists. 
They are given here, not as ranking among the largest cities of the country, but 
each to stand as the largest in the state of which it is a part. 

While noting the gains of Albuquerque. Reno, and Boise, from near or over 
200 to a little less than 300^, you will not fall to observe Cheyenne's loss of near 20?(, 



growing downward from 14 m, in 1900 to 11 m, in 1910, This seems the more 
remarkable when we consider the fact, that while Cheyenne, the only city in 
the state conspicuous enough to appear in most census tables, and one of only 
four that figure In any reports as over 5 m., lost at the rate of near 20^, the state 
gained 57.7*. 





1900 


1910 


1920 




1900 


1910 


1920 
m. 




1900 


1910 


1920 




m. 


m. 


m. 


m. 


m. 


m. 


m. 


m. 




14 
'I 


23 

20 

17 




10 

10 

8 


14 
14 
13 




14 
6 
S 


11 
11 
11- 




Burliupton, Vt 


Sioux Falls. S. D 


Albuquerque, N. M 





















We do not need to confine our recreation studies to city populations alone 
for, without adding a line to our diagram, without changing our scale in any 
particular or modifying in the least the plan for its operation, we may proceed 
In exactly the same way to measure, compare, and display In order of degree, 
the growth and rank of any or all of the states In the union or countries of the 
world. It may be thought that the twelve-dial diagram, providing as it does for 
visiblemarklng to cover more than eight and a half million unit spaces and to 
register that number of thousands population or corresponding minutes time, 
win fall short when we come to apply it to display vastly greater numbers or 
proportions, and that It will then be necessary to extend the figure by adding 
other clock faces. But not so, we do not need additional dials. As a matter of 
fact, not all of the twelve used here are really essential for the measuring we 
have done nor for what we propose to do, as a single dial figure with the printed 
record in the table following it can be made to answer every purpose. More than 
that, even the single dial for a diagram is not really needed in this or any such 
publication, for every man with a time-piece in his pocket has such diagram 
always at hand. 

In this we may see one of the many and peculiar advantages of the time-scale 
scheme for measuring and the use of time-table terms for recording. The simple 



table printed in such terms without illustrative diagram of any kind, constitutes 
a chart that needs no illustrating. This can be said of no other form of chart 
construction. If, for example, we simply note here the time reading of any 
numberof cities, as Trenton, 1.37; New Haven, 2.14; St. Paul, 8.26 ; Kansas City, 
Mo., 4.08; Newark, 6.47; St. Louis, 11.26 (all first day of course); Chicago, 12.26 p. 
m., second day : these time records alone indicate most cle«.rly and accurately 
the exact relative "proportions of and diflerences between any of the places 
named. Such a chart may almost be said to be one that the blind can see, 
for a blind person on hearing the record will get as clear an idea of relative 
positions and proportionate ditlerences as can be carried through the eye to the 
mind of one who can see. The exact measure of differences between 1.37 (Tren- 
ton), 11.26 (St. Louis, both a. m., say on the first day), and 12.26 p. m., on the 
second day (Chicago), cannot be impressed upon anyone's mind more clearly by 
visible marking in diagram or picture, than by the simple printed record. 

In the following table, we show the time reading of each of our 48 states 
under the census of 1910, naming the states in order of size. From these time 
records the population of any state can easily be told, reckoning 1440 m. a day, 
60 m. an hour, 1 m. a minute. (See page 16.) 



33 



In the foregoing tables man.v cities appear, each grouped with certain others 
so nearly the same in population and rank as to attract attention and lead peo- 
ple directly Interested in tho.se places to see how they come out at the next 
census reporting. Most of this grounlug shows in the tables below the hundred 
thousand class, but we find a few cases of near equality among the larger cities as 
well— thus, New Haven. Conn., and ISirmingham, Ala., register respectively, in 
1910. 134 m. and 133 m.; 2,14 and 2.13 time marking, difl'erences of only a thousand 
in population and a minute in time record. We see further, however, that New 
Haven's rate per cent, of increase during the previous decade was 23.7, while 
Birmingham grew at the abnormal rate of 245.4 per cent. Supposing them to 
continue the same rates of increase through this decade, it is easy to figure how 
far Birmlnjjham will appear ahead of New Haven in 1920. 

Two other cities showed in 1910 under conditions that Invited comparison 
but which must soon, or even now, be regarded in contrast. Bridgeport, Conn., 
and Albany, N. Y., both came at that time into the 100 m. class. The former 
with 102 m., time 1.42; the latter with .just 100 m., time 1.40. But Bridgeport's rate 
of growth was then reported as 43.7 per cent, and Albany was cred.ted with only 
6 5 per cent. While noting these conditions atTectlng the two cities it is interest 
ing to note further that far-away Spokane. Washington, is shown here at 104 m., 



1.44 time, only 2 m. in advance of the Connecticut city. Keport shows Spokane 
as growing at the rate of 183.3 per cent., which, if continued, and allowing for 
liridgeport to continue at her old rate, would soon put Spokane far in the lead. 
This will be an interesting race to watch, for Bridgeport has struck a booming 
pace and is growing faster than ever. A year ago she had, as it were, her "seven 
league boots" on and was making ready for rapid and long strides ahead. She 
then set as a high mark in population to be reached before the end of 191G, 200m. 
If she attains to that this year and goes on at anything like the same pace the 
census of 1920 will certainly put her in the quarter million class. 

In classes under 100 m. we find more cities in groups, all of a group showing 
the same in even thousands and the same time markings. Thus, at 97 m., 1.37 
time, we have three at 89 m., 1.29 time ; two at 86 m., 1.26 time ; two at 79 m., 1.19 
time; two at 77 m., 1.17 time; two at 73 m., 1.13 time ; four at 70 m., 1.10 time ; four 
at 64 m., 1.04 time ; three, and so on down the scale, we find more than 130 cities 
in groups, so to speak — groups of two or three to groups of seven and eight. 

People of these cities will be interested in watching the nest and succeeding 
census returns to see how the relations of their respective cities are changed or 
what new and dill'erent relations are established. 



CHART EXTENSION. 



We may apply our time-scale measurements to other cities, towns or villages, 
even down to places of not more than 1 m. population, or we may use the chart 
Jn like manner to measure and display any or all cities of the world, as its meas 
urini^ capaciiv is unlimited 

To illustrate, we give here the time readings for Tarlous cities outside our 
own country. According to latest census reports or othcial estimates as given 
in the World Almanac, 1916, we gather the following for sixteen largest cities of 



the earth, Including three or four of our own. Comparisons altogether intelli- 
gent and accurate, however, cannot well be made from this table owing to the 
fact that the census reports or otticlal estimates were made for different years. 
Here we deviate from the rule consistently followed thus far, and in this table of 
later census reiurns and estimates, put our own cities — the three that come into 
this grouping. New York, Chicago and Philadelphia, on a similar footing, rather 
than on the basis of 1910 





1911 
1915 
1911 
1914 
1910 
1914 
1910 
1912 


7253 m. 
6264 m. 
2888 m. 
2393 m. 
2071 m. 
2033 m. 
2031 m. 
2019 m. 


0.B3 A.M. 
3.34 P.M. 
0.08 A.M. 
3.B3 P.M. 
10.31 A.M. 
9.53 •■ 
9.BI " 
9.39 " 


sixth day 
fourth day 
third day 
second day 


Philadelphia 


1914 
1912 
1914 
1914 
1915 
1912 
1911 
1911 


1668 m, 
1618 m. 
1560 m. 
1300 m. 
1250 m. 
1227 m. 
1222 m. 
1129 m. 


3.38 AM. 
2.68 ■• 
2.00 " 
9.40 P.Jl. 
8.60 " 
8 27 •• 
8.22 - 
6.49 •• 


second day 






,, 


Paris 


Buenos Avres 


,, 




Constantinople 


first day 


Berlin 


Warsaw 


*. 




Osaka 


■ • t, 




Calcutta 


1. .; 




Kio de Janeiro 


,1 i« 









Of these sixteen cities, all that have passed the million mark in population, 
eleven may be ranked with what we may term higher grade cities, having passed 
the bounds of Grade A, 1440 m., in population, one day on the time scale. One, 
London, holds place in Grade F. sixth day— flrst, or morning division, marking 
on Dial 11 ; another, New York, In Grade D, fourth day, time p.m., shown on Dial 
8; one, Paris, in C, third day, A. M., Dial 5; and eight take rank in Grade B, sec- 
ond day ; one, Chicago, in second division of that grade, marking time P. M. on 
Dial 4, and seven in first division, a.m. time, Dial 3. The remaining five of these 
sixteen cities cluster around and mark time on Dial 2, which covers time P. M. in 
2d division, Grade A, first day. 



We see in this distribution of cities on oar map or diagram, a likeness, not 
obscure or far-fetched, to the planetary units of the solar system in respect to the 
extent of radius, or distance from the common center— the sun. The suggestion 
is easy and natural to let Loudon, New York, Paris and Chicago stand respect- 
ively for Neptune, Uranus, Saturn, and Jupiter ; Berlin may (very appropriately) 
answer for Rlars, while six other cities clustering about I>ial 3. with the five still 
marking time of first day on Dial 2, may cover to represent Earth, and the smaller 
planets back to the central source, first division, Grade A, through and away 
from which all originally grew. 



14 



POPULATION TIME-TABLE OF STATES. 



1910 


Time 


Grade 


Dial 




New York 


7.54 a.m., 7th day 
7.27 " 6th " 
9.69 P.M., 4th " 
7.27 A.M., 4th " 
4.57 P.M., 3d " 
8.06 A.M., 3d " 
6.53 A.M., 3d " 
10.60 P.M., 2d " 

9.01 " 2d " 
7.29 " 2d " 
6.17 " 2d " 
3.38 " 2d " 
2.64 " 2d " 

2.10 " 2d " 
1.05 •' 2d " 

12.46 " 2d " 

12.25 ■• 2d " 

11.26 A.M., 2d " 
10.36 '• 2d " 
10.22 " 2d " 

5.27 " 2d " 

4.11 " 2d " 
3.37 " 2d " 
3.36 " 2d " 

2.14 " 2d " 

1.15 " 2d " 
9.35 P.M., 1st " 

10.21 " 1st " 
7.62 " 1st " 

7.02 " 1st " 
6.35 " 1st " 
1.19 " 1st •' 

12.33 " 1st " 

12.22 " 1st '• 
11.13 A.M., 1st ■• 

9.43 " 1st " 
9.27 •■ 1st " 

9.03 " 1st " 
7.11 ■' 1st " 

6.16 " 1st '• 
6.13 " 1st " 
5.56 " 1st " 
5.27 •' 1st " 
6.26 " 1st •■ 

3.24 " 1st •' 
3.22 " 1st •• 

2.25 " 1st " 
1.22 " 1st " 


G 
F 
D 
D 
C 
C 
C 
B 
B 
B 
B 
B 
B 
B 
B 
B 
B 
B 
B 
B 
B 
B 
B 
B 
B 
B 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 


13 
U 
8 
7 
6 
B 
5 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
2 
2 
2 

9 

2 
2 

2 
2 


Dial 13 not covered by diagram . 
Compare New York City 

See Chicago 

See Philadelphia 

See New Haven — dillerence, 24 h. 

See Boston-St. Louis 

See Cleveland 

See Baltimore-Pittsburgh 

See Buflfalo 

See Milwaukee 

See Milwaukee 

See Cincinnati-Newark 

See Washington, D. C. 

See Washington, D. C. 

See St. Paul 

See Portland, Oregon 

See Worcester 

See Tacoma; Kansas City, Kan.; Y'onkers 




Pennsylvania 




Illinois 




Ohio 








Massachusetts 








Michigan 








Georgia 
















Kentucky 








North Carolina 
















Virgin la 




Mississippi 




Kansas .. 
















South Carolina 








West Virginia 








Washington 








Colorado 








Maine 








South Dakota 








Rhode Island 








Montana 




Utah 












Idaho 








Delaware 








Nevada 









15 



Against the names of certain states appear the names of cities of approxi- 
mately the same population. It is interesting to note that New York City out- 
numbers every state in the union except two — Pennsylvania and Illinois — two 
only, unless we make exception also for Ohio, which state shows for 1910 popula- 
tion and time records exactly the same as the city of New York, 4767 m., 3 d. 7 h. 
27 m.; time, 7.27 a.m., fourth day. This equality comes through reckoning in 
even thousands. When we come to take account of odd numbers under thou- 
sands we find a slight difference — 238, in favor of Ohio. This slender lead, while 
it may suffice to give the state a ranking over the city for that time, could not 
hold for long, as New Y'ork City was then growing at the rate of 38. 7;^, while 
Ohio's rate of Increase was only lijiji. 

Another case of near equality we find between the city of Chicago and the 
state of Tennessee, each appearing here marked at 2185 m., 12.25 p.m., second 
day, while the reckoning of the odd hundreds shows a difference of 494 in favor 
of Chicago. 

To mark New Y'ork State's time on a chart like ours, we should have to 
extend the diagram a little and find a place for the Empire State on Dial 13 — 
first division of Grade G. Pennsylvania finds place on Dial 11, the first in Grade 
F, the highest grade outlined here, Illinois on Dial 8, Grade D, and Ohio on Dial 
7, same grade, right along with New York City. Texas, sometimes called the 
" Lone Star ' state, holds place by herself on Dial 6, on which also she may be 
classed as a lone star, while two states, Massachusetts and Missouri, take rank 
together in the first half of tirade C, 3d day. Dial B. Dials 4 and 3, both in Grade 
B, second day, give respectively time marking spaces for 10 and 9 cities, while 8 
point out their time on Dial 2, leaving 14 to crowd in, as it were, on Dial 1, 
where nearly all of our cities— all but three in 1910— mark time. 

The next move forward with our measuring line leads to considering our 
country as a whole and showing it in comparison with any or with all other 
nations of the world. This too may be done without changing at all the form or 
dimensions of our diagram or adopting any other scale of measurement. 

In 1910, this country, continental United States— 48 States, and the District of 
Columbia, reported 91,716 m. population— proportionate time measure, 63 d. 20 h. 
B2 m.: 1. e., 8.52 p. m., 64th day. If now we count this time stretch as beginning 
with March 1, any year, choosing March instead of January for reasons that are 



obvious, these 63 days will extend to and include the second of May following, 
and United States time registers as 8.52 p.m.. May 3 (64th day). This, it may be 
Interesting to note in passing, was when New York, the most populous of the 
states and New York largest of the cities, were marking time, one at 7.54 a. m., 
March 7th, the other, 7.27 a. m., March 4— and fifteen of the smaller states were 
yet in the forenoon of March 1. 

Having thus compassed all the cities of the world, measured accurately the 
states In the Union, and fixed definitely the point to which our country as a 
whole should cover on the scale of proportionate time, we may reach out at will 
to any and all nations other than our own to determine for each its ranking place 
on the map of comparative values, as, for example, our near neighbor, little Cuba 
with her 2100 m. population, at 11.00 a. m., March 2; Denmark, 2800 m., 10.40 p. 
m., March 2; Greece, 3000m., 2.00 a. m., March 3; Belgium, 7500 m., B.OO a. m., 
March 6; Mexico, 15,000 m., 10.00 a. m., March 11 ; Italy, 35,000 m., 7.20 a.m., March 
25; France, 39,600 m., 12 noon, March 28; United Kingdom (Great Britain and 
rreland), 45,222 m., 9.42 a. m,, April 1 ; Austro-Hungary, 49,900 m., 3.40 p.m., April 
4; Japan, 52,200 m., 6.00 a. m„ April 6; Germany, 66,715 m., 7.55 a. m., April 16; 
Russia, 171,000 m., 118 d. 18 h. 00 m. 6.00 p. m., June 27 ; then to far away India 
with her 315,156 m., 8.36 p. m., October 6 ; to thickly populated China with 400.000 
m., 6.40 p. m., December 3; and finally to the British Empire as a whole with 
437,947 m., 3.07 a. m., December 30. 

This completes our circuit of the world, applying the time scale to the 
measurement of populations of every class, city, state and national. 

It is the use of the time scale for measuring and time table terms for record- 
ing that makes it possible thus to bring the whole world of cities, states, and 
countries to the one gradation — one measuring scheme of comparative rank or 
order. 

In no other form of chart representation can anything like this be done. To 
locate our own country in its place in the ordinary straight line scale of propor- 
tionate linear measure, using the same space unit employed in this encircling 
line, practically as we have shown it. 1 16 inch to a thousand population, would 
require not less than 600 feet of scale line, while to reach out to cover the Brltlsfi 
Empire would take more than 2200 feet ; nearly half a mile. 

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



16 



013 829 402 A # 




o 
U 



DC 

C 

X 



CO 

I 

a 



